Teenagers

photo credit: justine reyes

This post is more for teenagers, than about them.  

You might be wondering "what is therapy?"  Perhaps someone suggested you seek therapy to work on something specific, or maybe you have sought it out on your own.  Both options beg the question "why would you want to tell a complete stranger your problems?" 

Teenagers exist in this strange space in time, a hundred years ago you would have basically been considered an adult: you're capable of reproduction, you have the intelligence, physicality and attention span to hold a job and help support the family, and child labor laws didn't exist..  In this day and age, we do have child labor laws which, in effect, extended and protected adolescence.  Now, the teenage experience might be that you have a vast store of knowledge that nobody seems to respect or want to listen to; and because of this you might be used to adults not really hearing or valuing what you have to say.  Perhaps they judge you, or don't choose to understand, or in spite of their attempts to understand, seem so far from it that it feels pointless to even try to communicate.  Or maybe you're one of the lucky ones and have amazing, responsive, and patient adults in your life who trust you, and allow you the freedom and agency to choose your own path.  

To be fair, your caretakers have to tread a very difficult line: it's likely that they love and care for you very much, and at the same time they bear some responsibility for how your lives turn out, and to further complicate matters, they are flawed and fallible human beings the same as the rest of us.  They are personally invested in the outcome, so there is inherently a lot of emotion attached to their interactions with you.  This can translate into bossiness, over-involvement, anger, and frustration, and yet underneath these emotions there are almost always root emotions of love and fear.  

It is developmentally appropriate that teenagers prefer to run things through their peer group rather than their parents, to look for validation from their friends.  This is part of individualization, and growing-up.  That said, it can come with its own set of hazards and problems: your friends have strong opinions, but don't necessarily have the history of life experiences that can add depth to judgment.  What I provide is an opportunity to talk things through with a neutral adult, someone who wants to keep you safe, and has an adult perspective, but whose primary goal is to help you identify and achieve what you truly want for your life.  

The therapeutic relationship is a little different from any other kind of relationship:

• I tell you the truth.  I won't lie to you.  If I can't tell you something, for whatever reason, I'll be honest about it.

• I keep your secrets.  Did you know that it would be completely unethical and illegal for me to tell anyone (parents, police, teachers...) what is said in therapy?  There are only a very few legal exceptions to this rule.  Any other topic, is going to stay between us, and even in those situations where I would have to reveal information, it's my ethical duty to protect your privacy as best I can.  That said, if you want my help or support in communicating with parents, other adults, or even schools and police, I can and would do that with your specific permission.

• I won't judge, shame, or criticize you.  No matter what your situation is, I trust there's a reason for it, and there is some logic in which it makes sense.  My goal in that situation is to work with you to figure out how it makes sense to you, to help you figure out whether it is healthy for you, whether you want it to be this way, and help you decide how to work the situation so that you get what you truly want or need.

• I'm very hard to shock.  I've spent my life as a listener, and in so doing I've heard a LOT of things.    In my work with teenagers we've addressed issues of: addiction, bullying, anger management, child abuse, sexual abuse, academic performance, anxiety, family acceptance, sexual identity, gender identity, deportation, racism, self-harm, suicidal thoughts, homicidal thoughts, sadness, loneliness, rage, poverty, eating disorders, poor self-image, severe mental illness, gang violence, loss...  You can bring anything to me, even things that might feel unsafe to talk about.  

• Sometimes, we can even work on issues that you don't want to talk about at all.  EMDR and Havening are amazing therapies in that as long as you can feel the emotion, we can do the work.  My knowing what we're working on isn't 100% necessary, although any information you can give me does allow me to help you process more smoothly.

• That said, I won't generally pressure you to talk.  I trust that you will talk when you feel safe, interested, or ready.  The exception to this is if I feel your safety is at immediate risk.

• On the positive side, my clients and I have worked on defining future hopes and goals, and taking positive steps towards achieving them; building healthy relationships with family, friends, and romantic attachments; learning positive communication styles to help you get what you want out of life; building self-esteem, and self-awareness...  

• I really enjoy working with teenagers, and nothing makes me happier than seeing them build the lives they want for themselves.  

A few resources for teens and their adults, interesting information:

• The Teen Brain: It's Just Not Grown Up Yet

This video is a little ridiculous, but does an excellent job explaining the daunting physical changes and challenges teenagers face.  It answers questions about why teens make the decisions they do, need so much sleep, are impulsive, etc.:

The Imperative for Diversity in Therapy: Enhancing Access and Effectiveness

Diversity within the field of therapy is not only desirable but essential. Embracing diversity in therapy means acknowledging that individuals come from a wide array of backgrounds, experiences, and identities, each of which shapes their unique mental health journey. In this era of increasing awareness and inclusivity, it is paramount that therapeutic spaces reflect the rich tapestry of human existence.

One of the primary reasons for promoting diversity in therapy is to ensure accessibility. Individuals from different racial, ethnic, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds often face barriers when seeking mental health support. A diverse pool of therapists can bridge these gaps by offering culturally sensitive and linguistically competent care. When clients find therapists who understand their experiences and can communicate effectively, the therapeutic relationship becomes more meaningful and effective.

Diversity in therapy also cultivates a nurturing environment where clients feel seen, heard, and validated. When individuals see therapists who share aspects of their background, they are more likely to feel understood and safe discussing sensitive topics. This dynamic encourages open dialogue and can be particularly impactful when dealing with issues related to identity, discrimination, or cultural nuances.

Moreover, diverse therapists bring a range of perspectives, approaches, and techniques to the therapeutic process. These diverse viewpoints enrich the field of therapy by expanding the toolbox available to therapists and offering clients a variety of therapeutic modalities. This ensures that therapy is not a one-size-fits-all endeavor but a tailored experience that can be adapted to the individual needs and preferences of each client.

Diversity also fosters personal growth and empathy in therapists. Exposure to different cultures, experiences, and stories challenges therapists to continually expand their knowledge and understanding. This ongoing growth enables therapists to better connect with clients, effectively address their needs, and provide comprehensive care that acknowledges the complex intersections of identity and mental health.

In conclusion, the call for diversity in therapy is a call for inclusivity, accessibility, and effectiveness. It's a commitment to creating spaces where every individual feels valued, understood, and empowered to embark on a journey towards well-being. By embracing diversity in therapy, we can collectively contribute to a more equitable and compassionate mental health landscape.

The BIG 5 Personality Traits

Understanding the Big Five Personality Traits: Mapping the Landscape of Human Personality

Human personality is a complex tapestry woven from a multitude of traits, behaviors, and tendencies. Among the many models that attempt to unravel this intricacy, the Big Five Personality Traits stand as a prominent and widely recognized framework. These five dimensions offer a comprehensive map of human personality, allowing us to better understand and predict how individuals tend to behave and interact with the world.

The first trait, extraversion, reflects the extent to which individuals seek out social interactions and thrive in the company of others. Extraverts are often outgoing, energetic, and derive energy from social interactions. In contrast, introverts tend to find solace in solitude, valuing deep connections and introspection.

Conscientiousness, the second trait, signifies the degree of organization, discipline, and responsibility an individual possesses. Highly conscientious individuals are diligent, methodical, and tend to excel in tasks that require precision and long-term planning. On the other hand, those low in conscientiousness might display spontaneity and a more relaxed approach to life's demands.

Openness to experience, the third trait, reflects an individual's willingness to explore novel ideas, embrace creativity, and engage in intellectual pursuits. People high in openness are curious, imaginative, and open-minded, often thriving in unconventional and artistic domains. Those low in openness might prefer routine and tradition, valuing stability over experimentation.

The fourth trait, agreeableness, pertains to an individual's level of compassion, empathy, and concern for the well-being of others. High levels of agreeableness lead to cooperative, nurturing behaviors and a tendency to prioritize harmony in interpersonal relationships. Those lower in agreeableness might prioritize individual needs and assertiveness over consensus.

Lastly, neuroticism, the fifth trait, refers to emotional stability or instability. Individuals high in neuroticism are prone to experiencing negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and mood swings. They might find it challenging to manage stressors, while those low in neuroticism tend to remain calm and composed even in the face of adversity.

The Big Five Personality Traits provide a roadmap that helps us comprehend the diverse ways in which individuals perceive and interact with the world. It's important to note that these traits are not set in stone but exist on a continuum, offering a dynamic lens through which we can examine the multifaceted nature of personality. By understanding these dimensions, we can gain valuable insights into our own behaviors, tendencies, and those of others, contributing to more effective communication, relationships, and personal growth.

Race & Ethnicity

photo credit: DryHundredFear

Observing my portrait, you may have already discerned that I identify as mixed or biracial, a facet of my identity that holds a special place in my heart. Many clients have inquired about my ethnic background or actively sought my services as a person of color. I find it necessary to address this explicitly because the realm of therapy is often dominated by clinicians of Caucasian descent. This reality, I believe, can inadvertently contribute to communities of color feeling hesitant to engage in therapy. While a therapist's race should never undermine their ability to provide exceptional care, I acknowledge that the initial hurdle might arise before the first contact is even established.

The journey towards seeking therapeutic help can be a deeply personal and transformative experience. However, it is essential to recognize that race and ethnicity can play a significant role in shaping how individuals perceive and access mental health support. Cultural norms, historical experiences, and societal expectations often interweave to create barriers that limit people from diverse backgrounds in pursuing the help they need.

Firstly, the stigma surrounding mental health remains prevalent across many cultures. This stigma can be even more pronounced in certain racial and ethnic communities due to cultural beliefs that prioritize resilience and concealment of emotional struggles. This cultural perspective can deter individuals from seeking therapy, fearing that reaching out for help might be perceived as a sign of weakness or failure, leading to isolation and reluctance to engage in therapeutic conversations.

Secondly, representation matters in therapeutic spaces. A lack of diversity among mental health professionals can result in a disconnect between clients and therapists, particularly when it comes to understanding cultural nuances and lived experiences. When individuals cannot find therapists who share or understand their racial or ethnic background, they might be hesitant to discuss their concerns openly, impeding the therapeutic process.

Moreover, historical trauma and systemic inequalities also cast long shadows on seeking help. Communities that have faced oppression or discrimination may be wary of institutions, including mental health services. Deep-seated mistrust stemming from past experiences can create a reluctance to engage with mental health professionals, perpetuating a cycle where individuals choose to navigate their struggles in silence.

Furthermore, language barriers can also limit access to therapeutic help. When clients are unable to communicate effectively due to language differences, the therapeutic process can be hindered. Feeling misunderstood or unable to express oneself fully can lead to frustration and discourage individuals from continuing therapy.

Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach. Mental health professionals need to be trained in cultural competence to better understand the needs of individuals from diverse backgrounds. Increased representation and diversity in the mental health field can help bridge the gap between therapists and clients, fostering a more inclusive and understanding therapeutic environment. Creating culturally sensitive spaces and providing language accessibility can also go a long way in ensuring that everyone, regardless of their race or ethnicity, has equal access to the healing power of therapy.

Acknowledging the role of race and ethnicity in shaping access to therapeutic help is crucial for promoting a more inclusive and equitable mental health landscape. It's imperative to dismantle the stigma surrounding mental health, increase representation, and create culturally sensitive spaces that accommodate the unique needs of individuals from diverse backgrounds. By breaking down these barriers, we can open doors to therapeutic support and empower individuals to embark on a journey of healing and self-discovery.

Exploring the Shadow Self: Unveiling the Hidden Depths Within

photo credit: Pacheco

In the realm of psychology, the concept of the "shadow self" emerges as a captivating and enigmatic aspect of human nature. Coined by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, the shadow self refers to the unconscious and often suppressed facets of our personality that we are less inclined to acknowledge or express. This shadowy realm holds a mirror to our hidden desires, fears, and unresolved emotions, shaping our behaviors and perceptions in ways that might go unnoticed.

Jung likened the shadow self to the dark side of the moon, representing the aspects of ourselves that we prefer to keep hidden from the world and even from ourselves. It's the repository of traits and impulses we deem socially unacceptable or that conflict with our self-image. These can include aggression, envy, selfishness, and other facets that don't align with our conscious values. By suppressing these traits, we create a divide within ourselves, leading to inner conflicts and even projecting these traits onto others.

However, the shadow self is not purely negative. It can also house latent potentials, creativity, and aspects of ourselves that we've neglected or overlooked. Embracing and integrating the shadow self can lead to personal growth and a more holistic self-awareness. This process, known as shadow work, involves acknowledging and confronting these hidden aspects with compassion and curiosity, rather than judgment.

Shadow work often occurs within the context of therapy, where individuals can explore the hidden corners of their psyche. By bringing the shadow self into conscious awareness, individuals can dismantle the barriers that separate their authentic self from their hidden dimensions. This integration fosters a sense of wholeness, where individuals no longer feel compelled to suppress or deny certain aspects of their personality.

In a world that often celebrates only certain qualities and condemns others, acknowledging the shadow self can be a profound act of self-liberation. By embracing both the light and the darkness within us, we pave the way for personal transformation, authentic relationships, and a deeper connection to our true selves. The shadow self reminds us that our journey towards self-discovery is a multifaceted one, and by exploring its depths, we embark on a voyage towards greater self-understanding and inner harmony.

The Impact of Social Rejection on the Amygdala

photo credit: Jinterwas

The amygdala, a pair of almond-shaped structures nestled within the brain's temporal lobes, plays a crucial role in processing emotions, particularly those related to fear, threat, and social interactions. One of the intriguing aspects of the amygdala is its response to social rejection, shedding light on the intricate interplay between our emotional experiences and brain function.

Social rejection triggers a notable response in the amygdala, activating it in a way that reflects both the emotional and physiological components of this experience. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown that when individuals experience social exclusion or rejection, the amygdala becomes more active. This heightened activity is believed to be linked to the emotional pain associated with social rejection, akin to the distress caused by physical pain. Thus, the amygdala's response underscores the profound impact of social connections on our well-being.

However, the role of the amygdala extends beyond responding to social rejection. It serves as a sentinel for potential threats, allowing us to quickly recognize and respond to danger. This is particularly evident in its involvement in the "fight or flight" response, where the amygdala processes sensory information to assess the significance of a stimulus and trigger appropriate emotional and physiological reactions.

Interestingly, the amygdala is not a uniform structure; rather, it consists of two distinct nuclei: the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the central amygdala (CeA). These two nuclei have different functions and play complementary roles in processing emotions and regulating behavior.

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is primarily responsible for learning and memory associated with emotional experiences. It plays a pivotal role in recognizing and processing emotionally significant stimuli, including social cues, and is closely tied to the formation of emotional memories.

On the other hand, the central amygdala (CeA) is more involved in generating emotional responses, particularly fear and anxiety. It receives input from the BLA and initiates physiological and behavioral reactions to threats or stressors, preparing the body to respond to potential dangers.

The amygdala's response to social rejection underscores the integral role of this brain structure in our emotional experiences and social interactions. Beyond its sensitivity to social exclusion, the amygdala serves as a guardian against potential threats and a custodian of emotional memories. Recognizing the dual purposes of the amygdalae enhances our understanding of how they contribute to our emotional well-being and adaptive responses in both social and survival contexts.

Positive Psychology

photo credit: Y Nakanishi

In a world where the pursuit of happiness often feels like a distant goal, positive psychology emerges as a guiding light, offering a fresh perspective on how we can lead more fulfilling lives. Rather than dwelling solely on our weaknesses and struggles, positive psychology focuses on harnessing our strengths, cultivating positive emotions, and nurturing a sense of well-being. Let's delve into the essence of positive psychology and how it can transform our lives.

Shifting Focus to Strengths

Traditional psychology often centered on identifying and treating mental illnesses. Positive psychology takes a different path by shifting the spotlight onto what's right with us. It acknowledges that within each of us lies a unique set of strengths, talents, and virtues waiting to be recognized and cultivated. By understanding and leveraging these strengths, we're better equipped to thrive in various aspects of life.

Cultivating Positive Emotions

Positive psychology recognizes the profound impact of positive emotions on our mental and physical well-being. Emotions like joy, gratitude, and contentment not only feel good but also contribute to improved overall health. Engaging in activities that evoke these positive emotions, whether it's practicing gratitude, spending time in nature, or pursuing hobbies, enhances our resilience in the face of challenges.

The Pursuit of Meaning and Purpose

In the quest for a fulfilling life, positive psychology emphasizes the importance of finding meaning and purpose. Engaging in activities that align with our values and contribute to the greater good brings a deep sense of satisfaction. By identifying our passions and integrating them into our daily lives, we create a stronger connection to our purpose, paving the way for a more meaningful existence.

Nurturing Positive Relationships

Human connection is at the heart of positive psychology. Building and nurturing positive relationships not only enriches our lives but also enhances our well-being. Meaningful interactions, empathy, and social support create a sense of belonging and contribute to our emotional resilience. Investing time and effort in fostering healthy relationships becomes a cornerstone of a happier life.

The Science Behind Happiness

Positive psychology isn't just a philosophy; it's grounded in scientific research. Studies in this field have shown that cultivating positive emotions and a strengths-based mindset can lead to better mental health, increased life satisfaction, and even physical health benefits. This evidence-based approach offers a roadmap for individuals to follow in their pursuit of happiness and well-being.

Practical Applications

Incorporating positive psychology into our lives doesn't require a complete overhaul. Simple practices like keeping a gratitude journal, setting achievable goals, practicing mindfulness, and engaging in acts of kindness can gradually transform our mindset and overall outlook.

Embracing the Journey

Positive psychology invites us to embrace our journey towards self-discovery and personal growth. By focusing on our strengths, nurturing positive emotions, and fostering meaningful connections, we can embark on a path towards a more fulfilling life. In a world where negativity often takes center stage, positive psychology reminds us that happiness is within our reach, waiting to be unlocked through intentional choices and a shift in perspective.

The Power of EFT Tapping: A Path to Emotional Freedom

photo credit: Thunderchild7

In a fast-paced world where stress and emotional challenges can often overwhelm us, it's essential to find effective tools for maintaining our mental well-being. One such tool gaining increasing recognition is EFT tapping, a revolutionary therapy modality that combines ancient Eastern acupressure techniques with modern psychology. EFT tapping offers a simple yet powerful way to release negative emotions, reduce stress, and foster emotional freedom. Let's delve into this remarkable practice and explore how it can positively impact your life.

What is EFT Tapping?

Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), commonly referred to as tapping, is a holistic healing approach that revolves around the body's energy meridians. Just like acupuncture, tapping targets specific acupressure points on the body. However, EFT goes a step further by combining this physical aspect with verbal affirmation. By acknowledging your emotional struggles and using your fingers to tap on certain points, you're essentially sending calming signals to your brain.

The Science Behind It

At first glance, the concept of tapping might seem unusual. But science backs up its effectiveness. Tapping on these meridian points helps to calm the amygdala, the brain's stress center, and reduces the production of stress hormones. Additionally, the combination of self-acceptance through verbal affirmation while tapping helps rewire negative thought patterns, fostering a more positive mindset.

A Personalized Approach

One of the most remarkable aspects of EFT tapping is its adaptability to various issues. Whether you're grappling with anxiety, past traumas, phobias, or even physical pain, tapping can be tailored to suit your needs. This personalized approach empowers individuals to address their unique emotional challenges directly.

The Steps are Simple

EFT tapping doesn't require any special equipment or elaborate setups. You can do it anywhere and at any time. The basic process involves identifying the issue you want to address, ranking its intensity, formulating a positive affirmation, and then tapping on specific points while repeating the affirmation. As you tap, you're literally tapping into your body's energy system, releasing blockages and inviting positive energy to flow freely.

The Benefits can be Profound

The benefits of EFT tapping can be profound and multifaceted. People often report reduced stress and anxiety, increased emotional resilience, and enhanced self-esteem. Furthermore, tapping can contribute to improved focus, better sleep, and even physical pain relief. As you tap away negative emotions, you create space for personal growth and a more balanced, harmonious life.

Embrace Your Emotional Freedom

In a world where we're often taught to suppress our feelings, EFT tapping offers a refreshing alternative. It encourages us to confront our emotions, acknowledge them, and then release them. By doing so, we unlock the door to emotional freedom. As you integrate tapping into your wellness routine, you'll find yourself better equipped to navigate life's challenges with grace and resilience.

EFT tapping stands as a beacon of hope in the realm of emotional well-being. With its unique blend of ancient wisdom and modern psychology, this therapy modality has the potential to transform lives. By embracing the power of tapping, you embark on a journey of self-discovery, healing, and emotional freedom.

Internal Family Systems

photo credit: magalie l’abbÉ

Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a therapeutic approach developed by Richard Schwartz that views the mind as a system of different "parts" or subpersonalities within an individual. These parts represent various aspects of a person's personality, emotions, and beliefs. IFS suggests that each part has its own intentions, emotions, and role, and these parts can interact with each other in complex ways.

The primary goal of IFS therapy is to help individuals understand and harmonize these different parts in order to achieve greater self-awareness, healing, and personal growth. The approach involves several key concepts:

1. **Self**: At the core of IFS is the concept of the "Self." The Self is the calm, compassionate, and wise center of a person's being. It is the unifying and balanced force that can lead the individual in healing and integrating their parts.

2. **Parts**: Parts are the various subpersonalities or aspects of the self that might hold different beliefs, emotions, memories, and roles. Some parts may be protective, while others might hold pain or trauma. Parts can sometimes conflict with each other, leading to internal struggles.

3. **Self-Leadership**: In IFS therapy, the therapist helps clients establish a relationship with their Self, which can then guide and lead the work with their different parts. The goal is to foster self-leadership and allow the Self to manage and heal the parts that need attention.

4. **Unburdening**: Through guided exploration and dialogue, clients work to understand the intentions and emotions of their different parts. They also aim to help parts release burdens they might carry, often stemming from past experiences or negative beliefs.

5. **Integration**: As clients work on understanding and unburdening their parts, the ultimate goal is integration. This means helping parts collaborate, communicate, and work together harmoniously under the guidance of the Self. Integrated parts can lead to improved emotional well-being and a greater sense of wholeness.

IFS can be applied to a wide range of issues, including trauma, anxiety, depression, and relationship challenges. It's considered effective because it provides a structured framework for individuals to explore their internal landscape, develop self-compassion, and create positive change by fostering a healthier relationship with their own thoughts and emotions.

Embracing Developmental Trauma with Hope and Psychosensory Therapy

photo credit: Lawrence whittemore

Developmental trauma refers to adverse experiences and disruptions in a person's early life, typically occurring during childhood and adolescence, that can have profound and lasting impacts on their emotional, psychological, and even physical well-being. These traumatic experiences often involve neglect, abuse (physical, emotional, or sexual), chronic instability, or inconsistent caregiving within significant relationships such as those with parents or primary caregivers. Unlike acute trauma resulting from a single event, developmental trauma is characterized by ongoing and repeated exposure to stressful or harmful situations during critical stages of psychological development. Developmental trauma casts a long shadow on our emotional landscape. However, within the realm of therapy, there lies a beacon of hope that illuminates the path towards healing and transformation. By acknowledging and addressing developmental trauma through psychosensory therapy, individuals can rewrite their narratives and build a foundation of resilience.

These experiences can significantly shape a person's sense of self, their beliefs about others and the world, as well as their ability to regulate emotions and build healthy relationships. Developmental trauma can lead to a range of difficulties later in life, including challenges in forming secure attachments, managing emotions, coping with stress, and navigating intimate relationships. Moreover, it can contribute to the development of mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and personality disorders. Yet, beneath the surface, the seeds of healing and growth lie dormant, waiting to be nurtured.

Psychosensory therapies like Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Havening offer a powerful and hopeful avenue for processing developmental trauma. These therapies recognize that trauma is stored not only in our minds but also in our bodies, leading to the formation of maladaptive patterns and emotional triggers. By engaging in psychosensory techniques, individuals can access these stored memories, emotions, and bodily sensations in a safe and controlled manner; the therapist’s role to provide a gentle container. As unresolved emotions dissipate, individuals often experience a renewed sense of self-compassion and a shift in how they view themselves and their experiences. This transformation creates space for authentic connections, inner peace, and a profound sense of hope for the future.

Ultimately, the importance of processing developmental trauma lies in the liberation it offers. By embracing psychosensory therapy, individuals can transcend the limitations imposed by past experiences and rewrite their stories with resilience and hope. Developmental trauma need not define one's journey; it can serve as a stepping stone towards a life characterized by self-discovery, emotional freedom, and a profound sense of empowerment.

Navigating Psychotropic Medications for Mental Health: Weighing the Pros and Cons

photo credit: Bruce Aldridge

Psychotropic medications, often referred to as psychiatric drugs, have become a prominent tool in the treatment of mental health disorders. These medications are designed to target specific neurochemical imbalances that contribute to various mental health conditions. As with any medical intervention, there are both potential benefits and drawbacks to consider when contemplating the use of psychotropic medications.

**The Pros:**

1. **Symptom Management:** One of the primary advantages of psychotropic medications is their ability to alleviate the distressing symptoms associated with mental health disorders. Medications can provide rapid relief from symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis, enabling individuals to regain a sense of stability and function.

2. **Enhanced Therapy Response:** Psychotropic medications can complement psychotherapy by easing severe symptoms, allowing individuals to engage more effectively in therapeutic work. When symptoms are less overwhelming, individuals can better participate in the therapeutic process and learn coping skills.

3. **Immediate Relief:** For individuals in acute distress or crisis, psychotropic medications can offer swift relief. This can be crucial in preventing self-harm, hospitalization, or further deterioration of mental health.

**The Cons:**

1. **Side Effects:** Like any medication, psychotropic drugs can come with a range of side effects, which can vary in severity. These may include weight gain, sexual dysfunction, drowsiness, and digestive issues. Balancing the benefits against potential side effects is a crucial consideration.

2. **Dependency and Tolerance:** Some psychotropic medications have the potential for dependence or tolerance, meaning individuals may require higher doses over time to achieve the same effect. This can complicate treatment and necessitate careful management.

3. **Masking Underlying Issues:** While psychotropic medications can alleviate symptoms, they do not address the root causes of mental health disorders. Depending solely on medication without engaging in therapy can result in a temporary solution that doesn't promote long-term healing.

4. **Trial and Error:** Finding the right medication and dosage can involve a process of trial and error. Individuals may need to experiment with different medications before finding the one that works best for them, which can be frustrating and time-consuming.

In making decisions about psychotropic medications, collaboration with a knowledgeable healthcare provider is paramount. A thorough assessment of an individual's unique circumstances, including medical history, current symptoms, and treatment goals, can guide the decision-making process. Moreover, individuals should remain engaged in ongoing conversations with their healthcare provider to monitor effectiveness, side effects, and any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Psychotropic medications can be a valuable tool in the treatment of mental health disorders, offering relief from distressing symptoms and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. However, they are not a one-size-fits-all solution and should be considered within the broader context of an individual's treatment plan. Open dialogue, informed decision-making, and a holistic approach that considers therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication can pave the way for more comprehensive mental health care.

Cultivating Happiness - Commitment

photo credit: Marc Banks

The Crucial Role of Commitment in Therapy: Navigating the Path to Transformation

Embarking on a journey of therapy is a profound decision, one that holds the promise of healing, growth, and transformation. Within this journey, the thread of commitment weaves a narrative of resilience and change. Commitment is not merely a word; it's a powerful force that has the potential to shape the trajectory of therapy and, ultimately, the quality of one's life.

Commitment serves as the cornerstone of progress in therapy. When individuals commit to the therapeutic process, they are acknowledging the importance of their mental well-being and prioritizing their journey towards self-discovery and healing. This commitment generates momentum, propelling individuals towards a better understanding of themselves and their struggles.

Consistency is key in therapy, and commitment is the driving force behind it. Regular attendance, active participation, and consistent engagement with therapeutic practices all contribute to meaningful change. Therapy is a collaborative effort, and a committed individual actively invests in their growth, showing up not only for scheduled sessions but for themselves.

The therapeutic journey is not linear; it's marked by highs and lows, breakthroughs, and setbacks. Commitment helps weather these fluctuations. When challenges arise, a strong commitment to the process provides the resilience needed to navigate through difficult emotions, setbacks, and moments of doubt. Commitment empowers individuals to persevere, recognizing that growth often emerges from adversity.

Moreover, commitment fosters a deeper relationship with the therapist. Trust and rapport are fundamental in therapy, and a committed client allows the therapeutic relationship to flourish. Open communication, vulnerability, and a willingness to engage fully enable therapists to tailor their approaches, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of the therapeutic journey.

While commitment demands effort, the rewards are substantial. It's the vehicle that carries individuals from a place of struggle to a realm of possibility. As therapy is a partnership, a committed individual reaps the benefits of their dedication, experiencing a greater sense of self-awareness, improved coping skills, and a newfound capacity to face life's challenges with resilience.

In conclusion, commitment is the bedrock upon which therapy's transformative power rests. It's the catalyst for change, the compass that guides individuals towards a more fulfilling and balanced life. By embracing commitment, individuals honor their journey towards well-being, signaling to themselves and their therapists that they are ready to embrace the process and embrace the opportunities for growth, healing, and lasting change.

“Until one is committed, there is hesitancy, the chance to draw back, always ineffectiveness. Concerning all acts of initiative (and creation), there is one elementary truth that ignorance of which kills countless ideas and splendid plans: that the moment one definitely commits oneself, then Providence moves too. All sorts of things occur to help one that would never otherwise have occurred. A whole stream of events issues from the decision, raising in one's favor all manner of unforeseen incidents and meetings and material assistance, which no man could have dreamed would have come his way. Whatever you can do, or dream you can do, begin it. Boldness has genius, power, and magic in it. Begin it now.” ~William Hutchison Murray

The Transformative Potential of Anger in Therapy

PHOTO CREDIT: ANDREY

Anger, often viewed as a negative emotion, possesses a therapeutic power that, when channeled constructively, can lead to profound personal growth and healing. In the realm of therapy, anger is not merely an obstacle to overcome, but a powerful force that can propel individuals towards self-awareness, assertiveness, and positive change.

Anger is a natural response to perceived threats or injustices, acting as an internal alarm system that signals when boundaries have been crossed. When explored within the therapeutic context, anger can be a rich source of information about underlying issues, unmet needs, and unresolved traumas. By delving into the roots of anger, therapists and clients can uncover deeper layers of emotional pain and work towards resolving them.

Therapy provides a safe space for individuals to express and explore their anger, allowing them to process and understand the emotions beneath the surface. Unaddressed anger can manifest as resentment, bitterness, or even physical ailments. By acknowledging and giving voice to anger, clients can release pent-up emotions and embark on a path towards emotional liberation.

Furthermore, anger can serve as a catalyst for change. It can motivate individuals to set boundaries, communicate their needs, and advocate for themselves. Through therapeutic guidance, clients can learn to harness the energy of anger in ways that foster assertiveness, promote self-respect, and cultivate healthier relationships. This transformation requires learning to express anger in a productive manner, promoting effective communication while avoiding destructive confrontations.

Anger also plays a pivotal role in the process of healing from trauma. Many individuals who have experienced trauma may initially suppress or disconnect from their anger as a coping mechanism. Yet, reclaiming and expressing this emotion can be a vital step towards reclaiming one's sense of agency and autonomy. Therapists skilled in trauma-informed care can guide individuals towards exploring and processing their anger, contributing to their overall healing journey.

In essence, anger possesses a therapeutic power that, when harnessed mindfully and constructively, can be a catalyst for healing, growth, and personal transformation. By acknowledging and exploring anger within the therapeutic setting, individuals can unlock the potential to redefine their relationships, assert their needs, and find a renewed sense of empowerment on their journey towards well-being.

Neuroplasticity: Rewiring the Brain for Healing and Growth in Therapy

photo credit: koshy koshy

Neuroplasticity, often referred to as the brain's remarkable "plastic" nature, is a revolutionary concept that has transformed our understanding of the brain's capabilities. It denotes the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections and pathways throughout a person's life. This inherent adaptability plays a pivotal role in therapy, offering a window of opportunity for healing, growth, and transformation.

In the past, it was widely believed that the brain's structure and functions were fixed and unchangeable after a certain age. However, neuroplasticity challenges this notion, revealing that the brain retains its plasticity, allowing it to adapt in response to experiences, learning, and even trauma. This phenomenon underscores the profound potential for change, making it a cornerstone of various therapeutic interventions.

Therapists harness neuroplasticity to facilitate healing and personal development by encouraging the brain to forge new pathways. This process can be particularly impactful in treating conditions like trauma, anxiety, depression, and addiction. Techniques like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and psychosensory therapies such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Havening leverage neuroplasticity to create lasting change.

By repeatedly engaging in therapeutic exercises, individuals can reroute neural connections, transforming negative thought patterns, emotional responses, and behaviors. For instance, a person struggling with anxiety can learn to reframe anxious thoughts through CBT, gradually reprogramming their brain to react differently to stressors. Similarly, EMDR and Havening help reprocess traumatic memories, reducing their emotional impact and liberating individuals from their grip.

Furthermore, neuroplasticity reinforces the importance of consistency and practice in therapy. Regular engagement with therapeutic techniques ensures that new neural pathways are strengthened over time, solidifying healthier thought patterns and behaviors. Just as a muscle becomes stronger with exercise, the brain's adaptability is honed through ongoing efforts towards change.

In essence, neuroplasticity is a beacon of hope in the field of therapy. It illuminates the potential for transformation and growth, reminding us that our brains are malleable and capable of profound change. By aligning therapeutic interventions with the brain's plastic nature, individuals can embark on a journey towards healing, fostering resilience, and unlocking a brighter future.

Why It's Hard to Let Go: Hoarding and the Echoes of Trauma

Many of my clients carry a quiet, painful fear when they start talking about their struggles with hoarding. They’re not afraid of losing their things — not exactly. They’re afraid of being misunderstood, judged, shamed. They’re afraid that this one part of their life might say something unforgivable about who they are. They’ve heard all the stereotypes — that it’s about laziness, disorganization, or stubbornness; that they just “need to let go;” that if they really wanted to change, they would.

The goal of this post is to slow down and make space for a more nuanced understanding of hoarding, especially when it’s tangled up with trauma. I can’t speak to any one client’s story, as each is unique, but I can speak to what I see over and over again.

Hoarding isn’t about stuff — it’s about safety. It’s about loss. It’s about grief that had nowhere to go. It’s about moments when your nervous system learned that letting go isn’t safe, or that things — objects, papers, old packaging, broken electronics — might be the only stable thing in a world that felt chaotic, unpredictable, or unsafe.

When we look at hoarding through a trauma-informed lens, we see it as a form of nervous system regulation. It may not look like regulation on the outside — it may look overwhelming, cluttered, chaotic — but inside, it often brings a sense of control, or calm, or even protection. That means when we try to remove or “fix” the behavior too quickly, we risk reinforcing the trauma that created it.

Why Letting Go Is So Hard: Hoarding, Trauma, and the Path to Healing

Hoarding is not a character flaw. It’s a nervous system response.

When someone grows up in (or is traumatized by) chaos, neglect, or emotional uncertainty, the brain learns to grab hold of whatever brings even a small sense of safety or control. Sometimes, that’s objects. Papers. Clothing. Old receipts. Empty packaging. These things become anchors in a world that hasn’t always felt safe. And in many cases, that attachment to “stuff” starts as a survival strategy — one that made perfect sense at the time.

Through a trauma-informed lens, hoarding isn’t about disorganization. It’s about protection.

It’s a way of saying, I need something in this space to stay constant. I need proof that I exist, that I matter, that I still have something. By acknowledging the emotional roots of hoarding, individuals can embark on a journey of self-discovery and healing. Psychosensory therapies provide a holistic approach, utilizing the body's innate wisdom to process trauma and foster resilience. As the complexities of hoarding unravel, the potential for transformation emerges, illuminating a path towards a more balanced and meaningful life.

And this is why organizing alone doesn’t work for many people: until the deeper pain is acknowledged, letting go can feel like loss — or even danger.

That’s where therapies like EMDR and Havening can be powerful tools for healing. Both approaches work directly with the brain and nervous system to gently process trauma and restore emotional regulation.

• EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) helps the brain reorganize and process traumatic memories that may be fueling fear, attachment, or shame.

• Havening Techniques® use calming, therapeutic touch to reduce distress and create a felt sense of safety in the body.

These are not quick fixes. But they are deeply respectful approaches that meet you where you are — without forcing change, without shaming survival strategies, and without demanding that you let go of anything before you’re ready. Healing from hoarding begins not with clearing out your space, but with clearing space inside — for compassion, curiosity, and safety.

When your nervous system feels safe, the need to hold onto everything begins to shift. Slowly. Sustainably. Gently.

If you’ve struggled with hoarding and want a path that honors the “why” behind the behavior, trauma therapy might offer the support you've been missing. You don’t have to do this alone — and you don’t have to start with a trash bag. You can start with understanding.

Healing Potential: Moving Beyond Willpower to True Recovery

When Trying Harder Isn’t the Answer: A New Way to Heal Trauma

Many people show up to therapy thinking they just need to be more disciplined. More aware. More in control. They’ve already spent years managing their symptoms, watching their thoughts, bracing themselves for emotional waves — believing that if they could just stay ahead of it all, they’d be okay.

But trauma doesn’t work that way.
And neither does healing.

Willpower might get you through a tough day. It might help you survive. But it doesn’t resolve what’s underneath. That’s because trauma isn’t stored in the logical part of your brain — the part that “knows better.” It’s stored in the nervous system, woven into sensation, memory, and emotion. It’s a felt experience, not just a thought.

And this is why methods that rely on vigilance — even the well-intentioned kind — can fall short.

Psychosensory therapies like EMDR and Havening offer another way.

They don’t ask you to push harder. They don’t depend on insight or mental effort. Instead, they gently guide your brain and body toward a place of safety, where healing can actually begin.

These approaches use tools like eye movements, soothing touch, and memory reconsolidation to help your brain do what it was designed to do: adapt, process, and recover. Not by force — but through connection. Through rhythm. Through relief.

In EMDR, you’re guided to access difficult memories without being overwhelmed by them. In Havening, the act of gentle, therapeutic touch calms the nervous system, creating the conditions for change without retraumatization.

These methods don’t erase the past — but they do help the past lose its grip.

When people experience this kind of work, they often say something like, “I didn’t realize how much I was holding until it started to ease.”

If you’ve been managing for a long time — hyper-aware, always bracing — maybe it’s time for a new approach. One that doesn’t rely on effort alone, but on the possibility that your body already knows how to heal, if given the right conditions.

You don’t need to try harder.
You need something different.

Unlocking Freedom from Addictions: The Power of Othmer Method Neurofeedback

In the realm of addiction treatment, the Othmer Method Neurofeedback emerges as a beacon of hope, offering a groundbreaking approach that targets the root causes of addictive behaviors. Recognizing that addiction is often intricately tied to brain dysregulation, this method harnesses the brain's remarkable capacity for self-regulation and healing.

At the core of Othmer Method Neurofeedback is the understanding that addiction is not merely a matter of willpower or choice, but a complex interplay of neurological imbalances. By utilizing cutting-edge technology and expertise, this method provides real-time feedback to the brain, enabling it to learn and self-adjust. Through guided training sessions, individuals are empowered to reshape their brain patterns, reducing the cravings and triggers that fuel addictive behaviors.

What sets Othmer Method Neurofeedback apart is its holistic approach, addressing the multifaceted nature of addiction. By promoting improved brain function and emotional regulation, this method creates a foundation for sustainable recovery. Clients report a reduction in anxiety, depression, and impulsivity – all factors that often contribute to addictive cycles. Moreover, the method doesn't merely mask symptoms; it facilitates profound healing at the neurological level, offering a genuine opportunity for transformation.

For those seeking freedom from the grip of addiction, Othmer Method Neurofeedback provides a pathway towards liberation. With its ability to rewire neural pathways and restore equilibrium, it opens doors to a life free from the constraints of substance dependency. Whether battling alcohol, drugs, or behavioral addictions, individuals can find renewed hope and empowerment through this innovative approach, embarking on a journey towards lasting recovery.

The Window of Tolerance

photo credit: stewartbaird

The window of tolerance serves as a crucial concept in understanding how individuals respond to and cope with traumatic experiences. Imagine this window as a metaphorical zone within which a person can manage stressors and emotions effectively, remaining in a state of balance and regulation. Trauma disrupts this equilibrium, often pushing individuals outside their window of tolerance, resulting in emotional and physiological reactions that may feel overwhelming.

When within the window of tolerance, a person can navigate challenges without becoming overly distressed or detached. They can process emotions, make rational decisions, and engage with the world around them. However, trauma can narrow this window, making it difficult for them to tolerate even minor stressors. On the other hand, some individuals may experience their window expanding, leading to dissociation or emotional numbness as a way to cope with traumatic memories.

Trauma can lead to hyperarousal, causing someone to become easily triggered and experience heightened anxiety or anger. This occurs when the window of tolerance narrows, and their capacity to regulate emotions becomes compromised. Conversely, hypoarousal can result in feelings of numbness, detachment, or even depression. In such cases, the window of tolerance may widen excessively, causing a person to disengage emotionally in an effort to protect themselves from the distressing memories.

The goal of trauma therapy is to help individuals widen their window of tolerance, allowing them to manage their emotions and reactions more effectively. Therapists work collaboratively to develop strategies for expanding this window, enabling clients to gradually process and integrate traumatic experiences. Techniques such as mindfulness, grounding exercises, and somatic therapies are often employed to help individuals find balance within their window of tolerance, promoting emotional regulation and healing.

Ultimately, understanding the window of tolerance in the context of trauma underscores the complex interplay between emotions, reactions, and healing. By gradually expanding this window through therapeutic interventions, individuals can find a path towards reclaiming a sense of control, emotional stability, and overall well-being in the aftermath of trauma.

Neurofeedback, what to expect:

photo credit: Jill Perkins

A lot of my clients are very nervous when I introduce the idea of neurofeedback. They haven’t heard of the therapy, don't know what to expect, and the idea of attaching electrodes to your scalp is just strange enough to feel threatening. The goal of this post is to demystify the process a little bit. I can’t speak to any one client’s specific process, as it is a little different with each client, but I can speak in terms of general trends.

Neurofeedback is a way to teach your brain to better self-regulate; to do things in a way that feels better and is more efficient. It does this by presenting your brain with a reflection of its own activity, thereby giving your brain the opportunity to recognize what is working, and what is not, by the millisecond. Your brain will then naturally start to self-correct towards what works better. 

A few things to know:

Neurofeedback involves touch, as I have to put the electrodes on your scalp. I attach them using a water soluble conductive gel, that I call goop, and that will get in your hair. The electrodes do not do anything to your brain.  They are literally just receiving information about the natural electric activity that happens all the time, in every brain. The information is processed by a qEEG machine, and is reflected back to you by some media that you are watching on the computer screen.  The images on the screen will change size, and color density, and the volume will change, as well; this is the feedback, this is the reflection of your brain activity. Most people are surprised to learn that the feedback also doesn’t do anything to your brain; I can watch the movie right beside you, see the same feedback, and my brain won’t do anything differently.  The change happens because your brain recognizes itself, and its own activity.  At that point, your brain naturally chooses to do things differently, again in a way that feels better and is more efficient.

What will this look like for me?

The first step is to find the correct frequency to work at. When we begin we have no idea what your brain is going to like.  We start blindly, and then find the frequency through trial and refinement.  We try a frequency for a couple of minutes, and then, hopefully, you can report back to me how it makes you feel, and based on that report, we choose to take the frequency higher or lower.  We then inch our way up or down until we find the frequency that feels best.  

For some people this process is very easy, for others it is very difficult.  If the frequency is too high it can feel like euphoria, impatience, or caffeination; at its worst, it can make it difficult to sleep that night.  If the frequency is too low it can feel like tiredness, exhaustion, heaviness, excessive emotionality; at its worst it can feel like depression. Try not to let this scare you; I’m careful, and methodical, and take the process very seriously; I’d rather make changes slowly than leave someone feeling terrible.  Also, the effects of the first session tend not to last more than 24 hours.  You need repetition for the effects to begin to last longer than that.  With some clients I am able to find the frequency the first day, for others it can take a few weeks; it all depends on how easily the client is able to connect to their emotions and body, and report back to me, and also how easily I am able to understand what the client is saying, and translate that into knowing if the frequency is too high or too low.  

Once we find the right frequency, then we can begin to move the electrodes around to train different regions of the brain.  Different regions are responsible for decision-making, emotional regulation, developmental trauma, dissociation, feeling out of body, anxiety, attention span, depression.  We are working to soothe your nervous system, and where we place the electrodes determines what effect we’ll have.

The first three sessions, should happen in a two week period: the first session, and then about two or three days later, the second session, and then about five days after that, the third session.  By that time, we generally will have a good idea of the right frequency, and for most people the effects should last about a week. After about a month and a half of weekly sessions, with most people, we can begin to taper sessions to every other week without sacrificing any of the positive effects.  After a couple of months of that, we can taper even more. The important thing to note here is that every brain is different, and will adapt at its own pace.  

Who will neurofeedback benefit?

The short answer: everyone.  Top athletes and musicians use it to improve their response time and precision.  People with psychotic disorders use it to soothe the nervous system so they are able to handle stress better, and are less likely to experience a psychotic break. 

• I recommend it to all of my clients who suffer from a generalized or severe mood disorder (anxiety or depression).  

• I recommend it to clients who have financial difficulties and can only see me for a short time; the goal with neuro is to train your brain to do things more efficiently on its own; sessions taper off as your brain gets used to doing things in a different way.  

• I recommend it for clients with developmental trauma, or PTSD, that is so devastating that to process it through EMDR runs the risk of re-traumatization.  

• I recommend it to clients who suffer from addictions because you can work on the emotional need and the problematic decision-making at the same time with little risk of abreaction.

Is neurofeedback better than psychotherapy?

Some people think so.  I know of two psychologists who stopped practicing psychology because they found neuro to be more effective.  I don’t even really like to use it, it’s a little boring for me to have my clients watching movies, but it has been so beneficial to my clients that if I want the best results for them, which I do, I feel I have to have it on offer.

Are the effects permanent?

The neurofeedback community says yes, with enough repetition. I’m not sure.  I’ve done more neuro on myself than I have on anyone else, and still I can do with a few sessions about every six months.  

Other stuff:

• There are lots of different methods of doing neurofeedback. I practice the Othmer Method.  It is only taught to licensed doctors and therapists, as it is very effective.  I like this method because it relies on the client’s report of their own subjective experience; everyone’s brain is so different, and the subjective experience is what we are trying to improve.

• I have a booklet in which a few clients have written about their experiences with neurofeedback for the purpose of my sharing it with other clients. I’m going to ask them if they would be OK with me sharing on this platform, as well.

• I found neurofeedback as a client. It was so effective for me that I signed up for the training before I was even licensed as a therapist (back then they allowed laypeople to train in this method).

The Flash Method: a new kind of EMDR?

photo credit: tamar schilgi mamou

Fingers crossed!

It's a bit soon for me to write about this, as I am just beginning to use this particular method, and haven't yet had to navigate any difficulties (in part because none of the expected difficulties have arisen), but there is a new EMDR protocol that I am very excited about!  I've only used it on a few clients, and experienced it myself, but the results have been unexpectedly and remarkably good.

I'm not going to go into too many details, as it's so new, but it seems that if you have a specific trauma (memory, feeling, or negative cognition about yourself), of any intensity, and you also have the ability to viscerally access joyful, happy, or exciting memories, or have a creative imagination that can be directed towards something equally joyful or positive, then this new protocol might be a good fit for you.  

The main benefits of this protocol seem to be that it's a lot easier than normal EMDR processing, it avoids intellectualization and other forms of subconscious resistance because it seems pretty non-triggering, it also seems to work very quickly.  My own excitement stems from the fact that the issues that I've used this method to work on with clients have not been simple issues.  They have been complex, painful issues that seem to have been resolved painlessly in a single session.  Each of the clients I've used this method with were shocked when the pain suddenly wasn't there anymore; they each rated their distress at a zero at the end of session.  To be honest, I'm a bit shocked, myself, at how well this works.

I will follow-up with this post next week, in a couple of months, and then about six months after that, just to assure you, and myself that the results will hold as well as they do for normal EMDR.

I truly hope that this turns out to be as wonderful as I think it will.  

*A month later:

Well, I'm a bit late, but the follow-up is really good news: all of the original results have held over the past month; distress on the original issues is still rated a zero in each instance.  I've made some variations to the protocol to simplify the method, which I think are improvements.  The one thing that I've noticed as I've continued to use it with clients is that it doesn't work terribly well if the client is emotionally activated to begin with.  If a client is very upset, it's difficult to set aside the painful emotions long enough to form a visceral connection to positive emotions; in these instances, I'm continuing to do standard EMDR with my clients, or a method called IRP (Integrative Resource Protocol) which resources individual parts as they arise (I'll do a post on this soon).

Overall, the results have been very positive, and it has changed my practice significantly.  My clients and I have been accessing deeper issues more regularly because the process has felt safer.  We have been able to process trauma and negative core beliefs without very much difficulty at all, in a way that actually feels pretty good.  It's a bit more complicated than I originally thought, but it's still a whole new way of practicing therapy.